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The Gilder, his workshop and tools
Dorado, more than just a job, is an art, and as such the gilder must have an artistic taste, not only, but you must have learned the essential design elements and be educated to the nature and characteristics of ornamental styles of different ages.
To to cultivate his artistic taste, the gilder must read books and visit museums and art exhibitions and also has to be updated on the latest materials and equipment.
The art of gilding is not limited to applying the gold leaf, but it must include knowledge and application of the plaster, because most of the time gold is done on a basis of plaster.
The gilder also has to be an expert designer, because they often have to make the parts more golden decor large, and sometimes may have to do all the decoration with gold and lacquer.
The gilder uses two methods of metallization, which take the name of gold, and referred to the application of gold leaf, but the name is also used to implement any other metal sheets. As already said, there are two types of metallization: one is the application of sheet metal, while the other is the dredging. In the first case, the thin metal sheet is placed on a prepaid, while in the case second metal powder is used.
The workshop, where such activities take place, is much more important and determines the success of the final work. The study of gilder must be broad, dry, well-ventilated and well lit. It has to be divided into two parts: one is where the preparations take place, and the other is where the real gold case. This the division is necessary to prevent movement of air that can disturb the gold and to prevent dust. The gold shop must be scrupulously cleaned to avoid dust from the surface and ruining the work.
The pieces that have to be dried are hung with hooks to lift the ground.
A heating system or even an electric heater is also needed, especially in the winter season in order to keep the plaster, stucco and fixative sprays hot.
Here are some suggestions and comments from a frame gilder who has 30 years of experience in this field:
Before You start any work is important to know exactly what to do, what is the best way is to carry out, where to start, what problems can occur, and how to solve them, and finally how the final piece has to leave. Do not start a new operation, or part thereof, without finishing the previous. When using a new material or technique is always better to test first on a small piece trial. If one has to perform several pieces of the same quality, is more convenient to "mass produce" what which means that you have to finish the first operation in all parts first, then go to the second phase and so on. Another important point is to have all the tools and materials necessary to execute the work.
We will have a closer look at the materials used by the gilder, cleaning and preservation of them, which are essential parts of the same work to reach a good result.
The Spatula: Used to prepare a smooth surface of cast objects to eliminate roughness, to plug holes and pitting. Some are made of wood, but in general have a tempered steel blade set in a hardwood handle, round or oval. The blade is flexible and can be of different shapes and sizes.
The Biette: There are two main types of this wedge: one is for the abrasive paper and canvas, the other is for abrasive powders. Both are made of hardwood and are relatively small. The first has a single 1 cm cork, affixed to one side over the Biette, on you put the sand paper. When the trim pieces that work, the only cork is replaced by a layer of foam. For irregular corners and edges are very irregular uses a single thick felt used, which is soaked in water or oil, so it can absorb much abrasive as possible. For some work is better to use a wood Biette becomes more flexible by reducing some deep cuts and using a rubber outsole. In other cases, especially for molding, a Biette wood of different sizes are used, with a slit on one side in establishing the role of the sand, while the other side is done.
Suede: it is skin of a deer, roe deer, chamois, sometimes sheepskins, tanned with oil and used to thoroughly clean all surfaces and greasy fingerprinting. When dirty, they should be washed with soap and 1% sodium carbonate and rinse with warm water.
Sponge: there are different types: natural, vegetables, rubber and plastics. In general, only the former is used, with soft plush towels size proportional to the work. Besides its usual purpose for cleaning surfaces, which are also used for establish wood fillers. Should be washed in the same manner described above for the suede.
modeling tools: They are made of hardened steel, double blade in different ways from edge to edge. They are used for stucco decorations, to correct and modeling. They must remain polished and clean, especially the work.
The Raschietto: used to scrape and touch up the plastered surfaces. They are available in different forms depending on the moldings and decorations to be retouched. They are made steel and must always be sharp to give a perfect finish.
The gold pad: is a small plate (25×12 cm) with a layer of cotton wool covered by calf to be sufficiently smooth. The leather, where the gold leaf sets have to be completely clean and free of oil. It is good practice from time to time to give a chalk dust to remove any traces of oil. Preferably, the pad is equipped with a parchment paper to protect the metal layers.
The stretch brown (spatula) consists in a shap fan of very fine hairs of the tail of the Siberian squirrel which is fixed between two thin pieces of cardboard. It is used to make bread gold pad and put it on the surface of the table. To be able to keep the sheet is usually oiled by rubbing on a cushion of fat sheep kept at a temperature of 37 degrees, or just what is static on contact with skin.
Gilder's knife: used to collect, and remove the sheet metal. The blade is about 180-200mm long and 25 to 30 mm wide and sharp to cut the gold without damaging the leather pad. You Can be single or double edge blade.
The polishing tools: these tools differently shaped noise and cleaning of hard stones used to polish the gold leaf on the frame without honing. For gold, stones cut, shape, ground and polished agate used. The stones are attached to a long handle forest ending with a ring of metal. They have very different ways according to the elements to polish, so it is necessary to have a great selection. In order to keep clean, which occasionally rubbing on a pillow of soft leather.
Brushes: There are many types of brushes for the gold and may vary from work to work. Also do not vary in quality, as in shape and size. Usually consist of beef, pork, badgers, wild boar, bear, squirrel, Siberian squirrel and sows. In order to stick the sheet to the surface beneath, very soft brushes are generally used squirrel hair long. Brushes sable are better for the so-called "gouache" gold, to dampen and compact the road, so resist water better, and so they remain soft and flexible. Well round brushes and refined from the long soft hairs of marten are used for repair. Brushes described above must be careful with care and the gilder must put care not to alter its shape.
For varnish, very soft flat brushes shapes and sizes made of sable and squirrel hair from Siberia is usually preferred, need to be well refined, round and soft edges. Whereas the round brushes in the form of long-haired ox and the pig are used for plastering.
Dirty brushes washed in warm water, turpentine is used when they become very dry and warm.
Moreover, articles and hands that may contain traces of gold wash in a tub full of soapy water. The gold goes to the bottom of Cuba. Surface water is filtered and new soapy water is replaced at the top, after several months the containing less precious metal is removed, dried and then the waste is gathered in an appropriate place and burned, leaving the ash to be sold to precious metals dealer.
About the Author
Maselli Frames
is an artisan workshop in Florence
